风景融入日常生活--回归与重生：城市双修探索与实践

2017年，中国住房和城乡建设部提出将“城市双修”作为城市规划的指导性理念。城市双修包含城市修补和生态修复,城市修补指利用织补更新手段，完善城市功能，盘活城市资源，塑造城市特色；生态修复指修复城市破损的生态环境，改善环境质量。
“城市双修”倡导人与自然的和谐共生，是符合中国当前发展阶段的一种城市建设方式。中国的城市发展正处于转型阶段，其特点是从以GDP增长为中心的发展模式转向以人为本、同时注重规模和质量的新阶段。城镇化正在从数量增长转变为质的提升，发展正在从投资驱动转向创新驱动，建设方式正在从单纯的城市管理向更全面的城市治理模式转变。对城镇化质量的评价越来越强调个人的主观经验和感知。在这种情况下，城市建设者要转变城市发展方式，保护好环境，并提高居民的生活质量。城市变得比以往任何时候都更加智能。在此背景下，“城市双修”侧重于解决国家快速发展留下的创伤，其中包括不受控制的城市扩张导致的环境退化，粗放开发造成的资源浪费、城市功能不足，以及在以经济为中心的发展模式中出现的缺乏当地文化的同质城市景观。
“城市双修”是一种可持续的城市更新方法，是不断调整人与自然之间，以及人与社会之间关系的过程。随着我国新型城镇化战略的推进，城市发展正从激烈的城市竞争时期转向区域协调发展时期。作为新时代的指导思想，“城市双修”强调区域范围内更广泛的城市发展，通过最大化管辖空间或超越行政边界来促进不同规模的城市协调发展，促进产、城、人的进一步融合。这种方法还鼓励城乡一体化，形成从乡村到城镇再到大城市的连续统一体，利用不同的人口规模促进创新发展和成本优势，从而为更具创新性的城市发展和增强城市竞争力提供空间。此外，“城市双修”的城市更新方法能降低生活成本，同时进一步区域的基础设施建设和公共服务供给，更符合大量中低收入个人的住房和就业需要。
“城市双修”是推进绿色可持续城市发展、促进生态文明建设、促进全球生态安全的途径。人们在经历了疫情、气候变化和其他各类全球挑战之后，对更健康的城市生活环境的需求不断增长。根据联合国人类住区规划署《2022年世界城市报告》，城市化仍然是21世纪的发展趋势，城市的未来与人类的未来交织在一起。韧性发展是城市未来的核心。中国的城市化进程远未完成，城市居民还面临着与经济增长、生活水平和生计相关的各种严峻挑战。“城市双修”通过加强经济、社会、环境和制度弹性来应对这些挑战，以塑造高质量的城市空间，建立强大的产业平台，并挖掘新的经济增长动力。“城市双修”促进了绿色低碳生产方式、生活方式和城市建设运营模式的采用，使城市做好抵御未来各种冲击的准备，更好地实现可持续发展。
景观设计是最直接处理人与自然关系的专业，本书收录了中国城市建设研究院无界景观工作室近二十年的若干项目实践，着重探讨了在中国经济转型时期，景观设计利用专业技术进行生态恢复和城市修复，在重塑城市、协调区域发展和增强韧性方面所发挥的关键作用。在此过程中，景观设计释放了全部潜力和价值，为在城市和乡村景观中创造整体而持久的美丽做出了重要的贡献。
在促进城市转型方面，我们通过探寻因地、因时、因人而异的场地问题的解决方案，恢复人与自然的身心联系，塑造健康的人居环境。这一探索始于2005年“唐山凤凰山公园改造"项目，景观设计从修复被破坏的山体和植被入手，强化了凤凰山这一城市历史地标的认知度；同时，建立穿行网络（路网），模糊城市与公园的边界，将自然更好地融入市民的日常生活；构建户外交往场所，衍生出多种休闲活动，以一种“快乐、健康、环保”的生活方式，缓解、释放压力，促进社会和谐，市民成为城市新形象的塑造者和传递者。在后来的“鄂尔多斯20+10中小企业园区景观设计”和“北京中信金陵酒店景观设计”等项目中，我们也延续了这一设计思路：基于对场地的理解赋予场地性格，创造人与环境之间的最佳关系，建设具有引导性、参与性和吸引力的户外活动空间，将人们引导向更健康的生活方式。
在协调区域发展方面，我们通过绿道、郊野公园体系建设，形成山水林田湖生态系统和景观风貌连续体，促进城乡融合发展。在“漳州郊野公园体系建设和环境整治”项目中，我们将城乡连续体作为研究对象，从解决具体生态问题入手，采取系统的思维方式，将山、水、林、田、湖、城作为一个有机的生命体，保护乡土风貌与自然生态格局，建立城乡融合的一体化空间结构，提升城镇带动乡村的集聚效应和辐射带动作用，实现城乡统筹协调发展。在“厦门市海沧区绿道统筹建设”项目中，我们将绿道和城市公共景观作为绿色基础设施，保护生态环境，控制城市的无序扩张，建立了一个能够整合各种资源，使城市一体化发展的平台。景观设计在解决生态问题的同时延续地域文化，带动文教、体育、旅游等产业发展，引导公众参与城市建设，培养市民健康积极的生活方式。
在加强韧性建设方面，我们通过景观统筹、多专业协作，进行绿色基础设施、海绵城市等的建设，高效利用土地资源，探索高质量发展、低自然消耗的城市建设模式。在“重庆两江新区悦来新城后河环境综合整治工程”和“湖南益阳市梓山湖片区规划设计”项目中，我们通过景观设计统筹流域综合整治、海绵城市、生态景观、市政综合管网、智能监控监测等内容，建设绿色市政基础设施，探索新城建设模式，高效利用土地资源。
二十大报告提出，现阶段我国社会的主要矛盾是“人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾”。“城市双修”理念提倡一种更加细致和人性化的城市发展模式，更加强调尊重基层社会需求和创造振兴机会。在景观设计工作中，我们将继续探索有效的策略，以协调个人与环境之间以及个人与社会之间的关系。我们的目标是实现环境保护与社会经济发展之间的平衡，并为全球尤其是广大发展中国家的城市化和可持续发展提供可借鉴的解决方案。

中国城市建设研究院无界景观工作室
2023年10月


In 2017, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the Peoples Republic of China proposed "dual urban regeneration" as a guiding concept for urban planning. Dual urban regeneration includes urban repair and ecological restoration. Urban repair involves utilizing innovative renewal strategies to enhance urban functionality, revitalize urban resources, and shape distinctive urban characteristics. On the other hand, ecological restoration focuses on repairing the damaged urban ecosystem and improving environmental quality.
Dual urban regeneration is an approach aligned with Chinas current stage of development, advocating for a harmonious coexistence between humans and nature in urban construction. China is in the midst of an urban transformation marked by a shift from a development model centered on GDP growth to a new phase that prioritizes people and emphasizes both scale and quality. Urbanization is transitioning from quantitative growth to qualitative improvement, development is shifting from being investment-driven to innovation-driven, and construction approaches have evolved from mere urban management to a more comprehensive model of urban governance. The evaluation of urbanization quality increasingly emphasizes the subjective experiences and perceptions of individuals. In this context, dual urban regeneration focuses on addressing the wounds left by the rapid development of the country, These include issues such as environmental degradation resulting from uncontrolled urban sprawl, wasteful resource consumption due to extensive development, insufficient urban functions, and the emergence of homogeneous cityscapes devoid of local culture in an economy-centric development model.
Dual urban regeneration represents a sustainable approach to urban renewal that requires ongoing adjustments in the relationships between people and nature, as well as between people and society. With the progress of a new urbanization strategy, urban development in China is shifting from a period of intense urban competition to one of coordinated regional development. Serving as a guiding ideology for this new era, dual urban regeneration places emphasis on broader urban development at a regional scale and the increased integration of industry, cities, and people by maximizing jurisdictional spaces or transcending administrative boundaries to promote the coordinated development of cities at various scales. This approach also encourages the integration of urban and rural areas, creating a continuum from villages to towns to major cities that leverages different population sizes to facilitate innovative development and cost advantages, thereby providing space for more innovative urban development and enhanced urban competitiveness. Moreover, this approach aligns more closely with the housing and employment needs of a significant number of middle and low-income individuals, taking into account their cost of living, while further promoting infrastructure development and the provision of public services in such areas.
Dual urban regeneration represents a pathway towards advancing green and sustainable urban development, promoting an ecological civilization, and contributing to global ecological security. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, and other global challenges, there is a growing demand for healthier urban living environments. According to the United Nations Human Settlements Programme’s 2022 World Cities Report, urbanization remains a prevailing trend in the 21st century, and the future of cities is intertwined with the future of humanity. Resilient development lies at the core of the urban future. Chinas urbanization process is far from complete, and it faces formidable challenges related to economic growth, living standards, and livelihoods. Dual urban regeneration addresses these challenges by strengthening economic, social, environmental, and institutional resilience in order to shape high-quality urban spaces, establish robust industrial platforms, and tap into new economic growth drivers. This approach promotes the adoption of green and low-carbon production methods, lifestyles, and urban construction and operation models. By preparing cities to withstand various future shocks, dual urban regeneration facilitates more effective strides towards sustainable development. 
Landscape design is unique in its direct engagement with the intricate relationships between humans and nature. This book serves as a documentation of View Unlimited Studio’s landscape design endeavors spanning the past two decades. Its primary focus is to delve into how, amid China’s profound economic transformation, landscape design has harnessed professional techniques for ecological restoration and urban repair, playing a pivotal role in reshaping cities, harmonizing regional development, and bolstering resilience. In doing so, landscape design unlocks its full potential and value, ultimately making significant contributions to the creation of a holistic and enduring aesthetic across both urban and rural landscapes.
In our pursuit of urban transformation, we have explored location, period, and people-specific solutions aimed at restoring the physical and mental connection between people and nature while nurturing a healthy living environment. This journey began with the Tangshan Phoenix Mountain Park Renovation in 2005, where we undertook the restoration of damaged terrain and vegetation to reinforce the identity of this historic landmark. An interweaving network was established to blur the demarcations between the city and the park, seamlessly integrating nature into the fabric of daily life. The creation of outdoor gathering spaces has cultivated a diverse range of activities, promoting a "joyful, healthy, and eco-friendly" lifestyle. This holistic approach not only alleviated stress but also promoted social harmony, effectively transforming citizens into shapers and conveyors of the city’s revitalized image. Subsequent projects, such as the Ordos 20+10 Small and Medium Enterprise Park and Beijing CITIC Jinling Hotel, continued to embrace this design philosophy. By delving deeper into the unique attributes of each site, our aim was to cultivate the perfect synergy between individuals and their surroundings, while encouraging the adoption of healthier lifestyles through the development of engaging outdoor activity spaces.
In the realm of coordinating regional development, our primary focus has revolved around the establishment of greenways and suburban park systems. This strategic approach has given rise to a continuous ecological network and landscape continuum that encompasses mountains, water bodies, forests, fields, lakes and urban areas. Such an integrated approach serves as a catalyst for the harmonization of urban and rural areas. In the Zhangzhou Suburban Park System and Environmental Revitalization Project, we systematically addressed ecological issues by considering mountains, water, forests, fields, lakes, and cities as interconnected elements of a unified organism. This approach sought to preserve local culture and native landscapes and ecologies while structuring integrated urban-rural spaces, enabling cities to stimulate rural development through clustering and diffusion effects to achieve a coordinated model of urban-rural development. In the Xiamen Haicang District Greenway Project, we recognized greenways and public landscapes as essential components of green infrastructure. They played a pivotal role in preserving ecologies and curbing urban sprawl, while establishing a platform capable of integrating resources to facilitate the holistic development of the city. By addressing ecological concerns while embracing regional culture, landscape design became a catalyst for various sectors, including education, sports, tourism, and more. This approach encouraged public participation in urban development and fostering the cultivation of healthy, active lifestyles.
In our efforts to bolster environmental resilience, we have actively embraced landscape design that incorporates green infrastructure and sponge city construction through interdisciplinary collaboration. This strategy optimizes land resources and explores urban development models that prioritize high-quality growth while minimizing the consumption of natural resources. Notable examples of our work in this domain include the Chongqing Liangjiang New Area Yuelai New City Houhe Environmental Remediation Project and the Hunan Yiyang City Zishan Lake Scenic Area Urban Design Project. In these projects, landscape design assumes a central role in facilitating a unified approach to basin remediation, sponge city initiatives, ecological landscapes, municipal networks, and intelligent monitoring and surveillance systems to construct green municipal infrastructure and pioneer innovative urban development models, all while maximizing the efficient use of land resources.
The 20th Party Congress Report underscores that the principal contradiction of Chinese society lies in reconciling the increasing aspirations of its people for a better life with the existing imbalances and insufficiencies in development. The concept of dual urban regeneration promotes a more nuanced and humane model of urban development that places greater emphasis on respecting grassroots social demands and fostering opportunities for revitalization. In our endeavors, we will continue to explore effective strategies to harmonize the relationships between individuals and the environment, as well as between individuals and society. Our goal is to achieve an equilibrium between environmental protection and socio-economic development and provide solutions a valuable reference for urbanization and sustainable development on a global scale, especially for developing countries.

View Unlimited Landscape Architecture Studio, China Academy of Urban Planning and Design
October 2023

谢晓英 
1964年出生，毕业于北京林业大学，曾在荷兰、比利时学习。现就职于中国城市建设研究院有限公司，于2004年创立无界景观工作室。 2001年10月受邀请，在哈佛大学设计研究生院景观建筑系讲座。
张琦 
1980年出生，毕业于中国人民大学。现就职于中国城市建设研究院有限公司，于2004年创立无界景观工作室。

“城市双修”是2017年由中国住房和城乡建设部提出的对于城市建设指导性理念。本书以15个实际案例为依托，探讨了在实际城乡大型景观设计中，“城市双修”理念的实施原则和方法。本书对这些案例从地域、尺度、设计手段、生态保护、经济发展等角度进行解读，每个案例包含设计解说、设计图纸、实景照片等，生动地展示项目从策划到实施，再到最后的建成的整个过程，特别展现了项目完成前后的对比，对政府规划部门和景观设计师都有极高的参考和研究价值。

生态修复技术应用	 001
01 鄂尔多斯20+10中小企业园区景观设计	 002
02 北京中信金陵酒店景观设计	 012
03 唐山凤凰山公园改造	 024

郊野公园体系建设	 033
01 漳州郊野公园体系建设与漳州西溪湿地郊野公园景观设计	 036
02 漳州滨江生态公园（天宝段）景观设计	 046
03 漳州南山生态文化园景观设计	 060
04 漳州平和县九龙江支流（高际溪）生态环境综合治理与环境景观设计	 068
05 漳州市云霄县南湖湿地生态园景观设计	074
06 漳州市华安县真武山公园设计	 088

绿道统筹建设	 101
01 厦门蔡尖尾山、大屏山绿道规划设计：差异化发展的城市绿廊	 104
02 厦门中心公共空间景观设计：慢生活CBD体验式绿道	 114
03 厦门龟山公园绿道规划设计：非遗民俗活动保护与传承的活力路线	 120
04 厦门蔡岭公园绿道规划设计：自然探索游线	 126

绿色基础设施规划建设	 134
01 重庆两江新区悦来新城后河环境综合整治工程	 136
02 湖南益阳市梓山湖片区规划设计	 144

后记	 154


Application of Ecological Remediation Technology	 001
01 Landscape Design of Ordos 20+10 Small and Medium Enterprise Park	 002
02 Landscape Design of Beijing CITIC Jinling Hotel	 012
03 Tangshan Phoenix Mountain Park Renovation	 024

CONSTRUCTION OF SUBURBAN PARK SYSTEMS	 033
01 Construction of the Zhangzhou Suburban Park System and Landscape Design of Zhangzhou Xixi Wetland Suburban Park	 036
02 Landscape Design of Zhangzhou Binjiang Ecological Park(Tianbao Section)	 046
03 Landscape Design of Zhangzhou Nanshan Ecological Cultural Park	 060
04 Ecological Environment Comprehensive Management and Environmental Landscape Design for Pinghe County Jiulong River Tributary (Gaoji Creek)	 068
05 Landscape Design of Yunxiao County Nanhu Wetland Ecological Park	 074
06 Landscape Design of Hua’an County Zhenwu Mountain Park	 088

Comprehensive Construction of Greenways	 101
01 Planning and Design of Xiamen Caijianwei Mountain and Daping Mountain Greenway：Differentiated Development of Urban Green Corridors	 104
02 Landscape Design of Xiamen Center Public Space Project：Experience-oriented Greenway for Slow Living in CBD	 114
03 Planning and Design of Xiamen Guishan Park Greenway：Vibrant Route for the Protection and Inheritance of Intangible Cultural Activities	 120
04 Planning and Design of Xiamen Cailing Park Greenway：Nature Exploration Trail	126

Comprehensive Construction of Greenways	 134
01 Chongqing Liangjiang New area Yuelai New City Houhe Environmental Remediation	 136
02 Hunan Yiyang City Zishan Lake Scenic Area(park) Urban Design	 144

Afterword	 155