数字货币设计方法（Design Methods for Digital Currency）

本书详细探讨了数字货币设计的各个方面，从数字货币的出现和发展，到当前的挑战和未来的趋势。概述了传统货币和数字货币的定义、功能、特性和历史演变，重点介绍了一系列设计原则并对其进行了对比，包括页面布局原则、状态可见性原则、角色差异化和三级用户原则、一致性原则，以及摩擦原则等，对数字货币的安全性进行了深入的探讨。
本书可供设计师和用户体验专家，数字货币交易平台的运营者和决策者，数字货币和区块链技术爱好者以及相关专业的师生阅读参考。

本书详细探讨了数字货币设计的各个方面，从数字货币的出现和发展，到当前的挑战和未来的趋势。概述了传统货币和数字货币的定义、功能、特性和历史演变，重点介绍了一系列设计原则并对其进行了对比，包括三级用户目标、现实-思维-呈现、双钻石、页面布局、状态可见性、角色差异化和三级用户原则、一致性原则和摩擦原则等，对数字货币的安全性进行了深入的探讨。 本书可供设计师和用户体验专家，数字货币交易平台的运营者和决策者，数字货币和区块链技术爱好者以及相关专业的师生阅读参考。

Design plays a crucial role in shaping the future of blockchain digital currency. However, as the field is still in the process of transformation and development, it is important to provide clear definitions and scope for certain terms and research areas. In this book, various challenges and issues related to design and blockchain digital currency will be addressed. By offering insights and guidelines for effective design, this book aims to contribute to the advancement and success of this exciting and rapidly-evolving field.
The rise of digital currency has brought about significant changes in the financial industry. With the development of blockchain technology, digital currencies are becoming increasingly popular, and their applications are expanding. As a result, designing a user-friendly digital currency platform has become an essential task for financial institutions.
This book aims to provide a comprehensive guide for designers and developers to create a digital currency platform that is easy to use, secure, and efficient. The book includes a detailed analysis of the design principles that are crucial for creating a successful digital currency platform. It also includes research methods and guidelines to ensure that the design is user-centric.
Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 provide a comprehensive introduction to the emergence and development of digital currency, covering its characteristics, differences from traditional currency, functions and historical milestones.
Chapter 3 provides an overview of the eye movement test methodology, which is a research method used to understand users behavior when using digital currency platforms. It also includes experimental data and analyses of Huobi and Okex, two well-known digital currency platforms.
Chapter 4 outlines the essential design guidelines for creating a successful digital currency platform. These include setting three-level objectives for users, the reality-mind-presentation model, the double diamond design process, Page Layout Principles, State Visibility Principles, Role Differentiation and Three-level User Principles, Consistency Principles, and Friction Principles.
Chapter 5 compares different design guidelines and principles, including Page Layout Principle, State Visibility Principle, User-centered Principle, Consistency Principle, and Error Prevention and Friction Principle.
Chapter 6 concludes the book by summarizing the useful design principles and providing insights into how to apply them in practice.
Chapter 7 discusses the security issues in digital currency design, mainly including the corresponding measures to address threats, as well as relevant legal and regulatory compliance that need to be noted.
Chapter 8 discusses the future trends in digital currency design, including Decentralized Finance (DeFi), Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs), interoperability and cross-chain solutions, as well as the role of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML).
This book is a valuable resource for designers and developers who want to create user-friendly and efficient digital currency platforms. It provides a comprehensive guide to designing digital currency platforms that meet users needs and expectations, ensuring them having a positive experience when using these platforms.
Thank you for the support of the Foundation “Achievements of social science planning in Zhejiang Province (22NDQN222YB)”.

Ma Chao
2023.10

Chapter 1 Emergence of Digital Currency	001
1.1 Overview of Traditional and Digital Currency	001
1.1.1 Definition and function of currency	001
1.1.2 Evolution and characteristics of traditional currency	004
1.1.3 Definition and characteristics of digital currency	006
1.2 The Historical Evolution of Digital Currency	009

Chapter 2 The Development of Digital Currency	012
2.1 The Prosperity of Blockchain and Digital Currency	012
2.2 Definition of Digital Currency	015
2.2.1 Definitions of on-site & off-site	016
2.2.2 Off-site processes	018
2.3 Viewing Digital Currency from Design and Other Perspectives	020
2.4 Current Obstacles	022

Chapter 3 Research Methods of Digital Currency Design	024
3.1 Introduction to Research Methods	024
3.2 Eye Movement Test Methodology 	026
3.2.1 Subjects	029
3.2.2 Apparatus	031
3.2.3 Stimuli	031
3.2.4 Procedure	033
3.3 Experimental Data	034
3.3.1 Total eye data	034
3.3.2 Huobi and Okex description	035
3.3.3 Questionnaires collected	037
3.3.4 Heat map	038
3.3.5 Scan-path analysis	038

Chapter 4 Digital Currency Design Guidelines	044
4.1 Setting Three-level Objectives for Users	046
4.2 Reality - mind - presentation	049
4.2.1 Realistic model	051
4.2.2 Mental model	051
4.2.3 Rendering model	052
4.3 Double Diamond	053
4.4 Page Layout Principle	058
4.4.1 The design principle of weakening adversary’s information	059
4.4.2 Data emphasis principles	061
4.4.3 Important rules for arrangement of different areas	064
4.4.4 The arrangement of sequence numbers	065
4.4.5 Waterfall shape	067
4.5 State Visibility Principle	070
4.6 Role Differentiation & Three-level User Principle	076
4.6.1 Role Differentiation	077
4.6.2 Three-level User Principle	077
4.7 Consistency Principle	079
4.7.1 Layout	081
4.7.2 Design	083
4.7.3 Content	086
4.7.4 Structure	086
4.7.5 Interaction	087
4.8 Friction Principle	088
4.8.1 Reasons for the appearance of the Friction Principle	090
4.8.2 Definition of the Friction Principle	091

Chapter 5 Guidelines Comparison	096
5.1 Page Layout Principle Comparison	099
5.2 State Visibility Principle Comparison	100
5.3 User-centered Principle with Distinction and Three-level User Principle	100
5.4 Consistency Principle Comparison	101
5.5 Error Prevention and Friction Principle Comparison	102

Chapter 6 Useful Principles	105
6.1 Regarding Designers	105
6.2 For Businesses	108
6.3 About Users	110

Chapter 7 Security in Digital Currency Design	113
7.1 Threats to Digital Currency Security 	113
7.2 Security Measures for Digital Currency Design	115
7.2.1 Encryption	115
7.2.2 Multi-factor authentication	116
7.2.3 Offline storage 	116
7.2.4 Regular auditing	117
7.2.5 User education 	117
7.3 Legal and Regulatory Compliance 	119
7.3.1 KYC and AML	119
7.3.2 Regulatory compliance 	120
7.3.3 Data protection	122

Chapter 8 Future Trends in Digital Currency Design	124
8.1 Decentralized Finance (DeFi)	124
8.2 Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs)	125
8.3 Interoperability and Cross-chain Solutions	127
8.4 Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning	129

References	132