航空航天粉末材料及技术（Powder Materials and Technologies in Aerospace Engineering：英文）

本书正是基于此对航空航天领域粉末材料与技术的应用展开介绍，详细讨论了各种适合航空航天领域的粉末材料及其相关技术。本书有以下几大特色： （1）本书是作者多年研究成果的总结，介绍新的航空航天领域粉末材料与技术，以期为行业发展提供指导； （2）本书是英文版著作，以符合国内外有英文需求的相关行业读者的需求； （3）本书中介绍了部分粉末材料的应用实例，理论与实例相结合，应用指导性强。

The development of aerospace is one of the important symbols of human modernization,and also the embodiment of the national science and technology level and industry level.Materials and aerospace have been developing continuously under mutual promotion, and the application of advanced materials is one of the most important driving forces for the development and progress of aerospace technology. Therefore, aerospace materials are the basis for the technical performance, survivability, life extension and economic affordability of aerospace products, which are key technologies for priority development and key breakthroughs.
Powder metallurgy has made great contributions to the research and development of aerospace materials and complex structural components, which has great potential and competitiveness in aerospace construction. Powder metallurgy is a process technology for preparing metal powder or using metal powder (or a mixture of metal powder and non-metal powder) as raw material, through forming and sintering, to manufacture metal materials, composite materials and various types of products. It has a unique chemical composition and mechanical and physical properties, which cannot be obtained by traditional casting methods. It is common knowledge that the aerospace industry has very strict requirements on material properties. In addition to the materials with the highest stability and specific strength, the materials are usually required to have the highest comprehensive performance. There are two types of powder metallurgy materials used in the aviation industry. One type is special functional materials, such as friction materials, anti-wear materials, sealing materials, filter materials, etc., which are mainly used for auxiliary machines, instruments and airborne equipment of aircraft engines. The other is high-temperature and high-strength structural materials, which are mainly used for important structural components on the main engine of aircraft engines.
The feature of this book is to sort out the types of powder metallurgy materials and their technical application research detailedly. It systematically shows the application and technological progress of powder metallurgy materials in aerospace. The system of powder metallurgy materials is more complete, and the application technology advances with the times. Aerospace powder metallurgy theory and techniques help to address significant needs in aerospace material preparation and processing. We hope the book will be helpful for the development of aerospace powder metallurgy theory and technology and the solution to the major needs of aerospace material preparation and processing. 
The content structure of this book is planned by Peng Wenfei. Each chapter is co-written by Peng Wenfei, Moliar Oleksandr, Lin Longfei, Shao Yiyu, Li He and Suo Xinkun of Ningbo University, Trotsan Anatolii and Tishchenko Anton of Ningbo Wuzhong Yuanjing Copper Co., Ltd.
This book is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52075272 and No. 51405248), the Major Special Projects in Ningbo (No. 2019B10100 and No. 2021Z099) and Publishing Fund of Academic Library of Ningbo University. We are grateful to Ninghai Kechuang Group Co., Ltd.—Ningbo University High Performance Lightweight Manufacturing Research Institute, China Research Center of Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences and Ningbo Wuzhong Yuanjing Copper Co., Ltd., Part Rolling Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering, Ministry of Education for providing good facilities and conditions for related research.
Due to the rapid development of powder metallurgy science and technology and the limitation of the authors level, there are inevitably some inaccuracies in the book, hoping readers to criticize and correct them. 

Peng Wenfei and Moliar Oleksandr

彭文飞，副教授，博士后。主要从事运载工具(汽车、高铁、航空航天)金属与碳纤维零/构件轻量化成形制造的研究工作。主持大型项目4项，其中国家自然科学基金2项，国家政府间交流项目1项，高端外国专家项目1项，省部级项目5项，市厅级项目4项；作为主要成员参加国家973项目1项，国家自然科学基金4项；主持完成横向科研项目3项；共同撰写专著2部；以一作者或通讯作者发表 SCI/EI论文30余篇；获教育部技术发明二等奖1项，浙江省技术发明二等奖1项，中国机械科学技术奖三等奖1项。

The objective of this book is to systematically describe the application of powder materials in aerospace engineering. It is intended to enable readers to have a deeper understanding of powder materials and their applications, as well as to provide ideas and cases for creating new powder materials and improving existing powder forming technology.
The main contents of this book include basic materials for aerospace, basic principles of powder metallurgy, basic principles of powder metallurgy of nanomaterials, powder metallurgy structural materials, hot resisting materials and materials strong to high-temperature, composite materials, friction materials, special-purpose functional materials, new technologies in powder metallurgy, special applications of metal powders.
The book serves as a reference for teachers, undergraduates, graduate students, scientific researchers and engineering technicians who are engaged in theoretical and technical research in powder metallurgy, material forming, additive manufacturing and other fields.

Chapter 1 Basic Materials for Aerospace Engineering 001
1.1 Basic Metal Materials Used in Aerospace Engineering 001
1.2 Approaches to Choosing Constructional Materials for Aircraft 003
1.3 Some Examples of Choosing Materials for Specific Plane Units 005
1.4 Role and Place of Materials in Aerospace Engineering 008

Chapter 2 Introduction to Powder Metallurgy 015
2.1 The Properties of Powders 017
2.1.1 Physical Properties 017
2.1.2 Chemical Properties 019
2.2 Production of Sintered Products 021
2.2.1 Powder Preparation 021
2.2.2 Powder Forming 022
2.2.3 Sintering 026
2.3 Additional Processing of Sintered Products 028

Chapter 3 Basic Principles of Powder Metallurgy of Nanomaterials 031
3.1 General Information 031
3.2 Methods of Obtaining Nanopowders 034
3.3 Size Effects in Nanoparticles 035
3.4 Consolidation of Bulk Nanomaterials 037
3.4.1 Pressing of Nanopowders 037
3.4.2 Sintering 041
3.5 Nano-Oriented Surface Treatment Technology 043

Chapter 4 Sintered Construction Materials 045
4.1 Aluminum Powder Alloys 045
4.2 Titanium Powder Alloys 051
4.3 Magnesium Powder Alloys 055
4.4 Beryllium Powder Alloys 056 

Chapter 5 Hot Resisting Materials and Materials Strong to High-Temperature 059
5.1 Refractory Metals and Alloys 060
5.2 Superalloys 063
5.3 Dispersion-Strengthened Materials068
5.4 Metal Refractory Compounds (Intermetallic Compounds)074
5.5 Special Ceramic Materials with High-Temperature Strength 076

Chapter 6 Composite Materials 079
6.1 General Concepts about Composite Materials 079
6.2 Methods of Obtaining Composite Materials 081
6.3 Metal Constructional Composite Materials 082
6.4 Heat-Resistant Composite Materials 085

Chapter 7 Materials for Friction Joints 092
7.1 Introduction to Tribology 092
7.1.1 Basic Terms of Tribology 093
7.1.2 Some Examples of the Influence of Friction on the Operation of Mechanisms 096
7.2 Antifriction Powder Materials 098
7.2.1 Bearing Iron-Based Materials100
7.2.2 Copper Based Materials102
7.2.3 Metal-Polymeric Bearing Materials 104
7.2.4 Nickel-Based Materials 107
7.3 Frictional Powder Materials108
7.3.1 Copper Based Friction Materials 110
7.3.2 Iron-Based Friction Materials 110
7.3.3 Cermets for Aircraft Brakes 112
7.3.4 Composite Materials with Carbon and Ceramic Matrix 113

Chapter 8 Special-Purpose Functional Materials 117
8.1 Concept of Functional Materials, and Their Roles in Engineering 117
8.2 Heavy Alloys 118
8.3 Porous Permeable Materials120
8.3.1 Filters 120
8.3.2 Porous Ionizers 123
8.3.3 Sweating Materials 124
8.3.4 Self-Cooling Sweating Materials 126 
8.3.5 Capillary Structures of Heat Pipes 128
8.3.6 Porous Electrodes for Fuel Cells 131
8.4 Stalant Materials 131
8.5 Powder Materials for Electrical and Radio Technical Purposes 134
8.5.1 Optical Ceramics 134
8.5.2 Radio Transparent Materials 140
8.5.3 Magnetic Materials 146

Chapter 9 New Technologies in Powder Metallurgy 150
9.1 Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology 150
9.2 Additive Technology 162
9.3 Severe Plastic Deformation of Sintered Billets 173
9.4 Self-Propagation High-Temperature Synthesis 176
9.5 Metal Injection Molding (Casting) 184

Chapter 10 Special Applications of Metal Powders 189
10.1 Powder Solders 189
10.2 Metal Fuel 191
10.3 Magnetic Fluid 198
10.4 Powders for Magnetic Abrasive Processing 201

Appendix 204

Reference 206